
พบบ่อย ติดต่อง่าย ลักษณะ lesionอาจเป็น cutaneous หรือ mucocutaneous.เด็กเล็กต่ำกว่า 4 เดือน พบน้อย มีอาการแสบร้อนบวมบริเวณที่เป็น ตามมาด้วย grouped vesicles on an erythematous base ซึ่งจะแตกและ heal ภายใน 2-3 วันแต่อาจจะนานกว่านั้นถ้ามีแบคทีเรียแทรก

Common Superficial Oral Lesions
Condition | Clinical presentation | Treatment | Comments |
---|---|---|---|
Pseudomembranous: adherent white plaques that may be wiped off | Topical antifungals (e.g., nystatin [Mycostatin] suspension or troches, clotrimazole [Mycelex] troches, fluconazole [Diflucan] suspension, or systemic antifungals (e.g., fluconazole, ketoconazole [Nizoral], itraconazole [Sporanox]) | Can confirm diagnosis with oral exfoliative cytology (stained with periodic acid-Schiff or potassium hydroxide), biopsy, or culture | |
Erythematous: red macular lesions, often with a burning sensation | |||
Perlèche (angular cheilitis): erythematous, scaling fissures at the corners of the mouth | |||
Prodrome (itching, burning, tingling) lasts approximately 12 to 36 hours, followed by eruption of clustered vesicles along the vermilion border that subsequently rupture, ulcerate, and crust | Immunocompetent patients usually do not require treatment | Reactivation triggers: ultraviolet light, trauma, fatigue, stress, menstruation | |
Topical agents include 1% penciclovir cream (Denavir) | |||
Systemic agents (e.g., acyclovir [Zovirax], valacyclovir [Valtrex], famciclovir [Famvir]) are most effective if initiated during prodrome or as prophylaxis | |||
Ulcers surfaced by a yellowish-white pseudomembrane surrounded by erythematous halo | Mild cases do not require treatment | — | |
Fluocinonide gel (Lidex) or triamcinolone acetonide (Kenalog in Orabase), amlexanox paste (Aphthasol), chlorhexidine gluconate (Peridex) mouthwash | |||
Erythema migrans18 | Migrating lesions with central erythema surrounded by white-to-yellow elevated borders; typically on tongue | Asymptomatic cases do not require treatment | — |
Symptomatic cases may be treated with topical corticosteroids, zinc supplements, or topical anesthetic rinses | |||
Elongated filiform papillae | Regular tongue brushing or scraping; avoidance of predisposing factors | Predisposing factors include smoking and poor oral hygiene as well as antibiotics and psychotropics | |
Lichen planus22 | Reticular: white, lacy striae | Asymptomatic cases do not require treatment | Buccal lesions typical in reticular form; other sites (e.g., tongue, gingiva) may be involved |
Erosive: erythema and ulcers with peripheral radiating striae, erythematous and ulcerated gingiva | Symptomatic cases may be treated with a topical corticosteroid gel or mouth rinse |
Herpes infection is characterized by an acute eruption of grouped vesicles upon an erythematous base most frequently on the mucocutaneous junction. The symptoms may be very mild attacks or very severe even fatal in newborn.
Infection may be primary in individuals who have no specific neutralizing antibodies or recurrent which is exceedingly common in individuals who posses specific antibodies.
This is a very common viral infection in young children between the age of 2-5 years , in older children and young adults . The condition begins with fever and the sudden development of painful oral lesions, which ulcerate. These may be misdiagnosed as Vincent‘s angina, aphthous stomatitis or other ulcerating bullous diseases. The mucous membrane becomes red, swollen and painful with ulceration. These are considered very important cardinal signs of herpetic infection of the mucous membranes .
Extensive involvement of the mucous membrane of the mouth, tongue and pharynx may interfere with feeding and the child becomes debilitated and seriously ill .
The lesions show shallow ulcers on an erythematous base covered with whitish exudate, which bleeds when removed.
Blood tinged saliva in severe cases causes dribbling in young children.
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